Int j cur res rev vol 9 issue 3 february 2017 14 black to pink. Pdf the ultrastructure of the gingival epithelium in. The iris is usually heavily pigmented with melanosis bulbi melanosis oculi. Accumulates and the gingival tissue will progress from health to an established or chronic gingivitis. Information about the openaccess article aesthetic depigmentation of gingival smokers melanosis using carbon dioxide lasers in doaj. Amalgam tattoos, cultural gingival tattooing, drinks, food colors, habitual betelnutkhat chewing, lead burtonian line, mercury, silver, arsenic, bismuth, graphite, other foreign bodies, topical medications, idiopathic. The use of soft tissue diode laser in the treatment of. Melanosis is a form of hyperpigmentation associated with increased melanin. Calculus index fractal antennas pdf oci, plaque index quigleyhein modified by turesky entomology pdf books qh and the gingival index loe and silness.
B the second biopsy in december 2002 of the recurrent lesion exhibiting a benign gingival melanosis with acanthosis, few brown. There is inflammation due to the bacteria released from the toxins. The gmr is an effective method to assess gingival melanosis. Pdf hyperpigmentation of the gingiva is an aesthetic problem in some patients. Smokers melanosis is a brownish discoloration of the oral mucosa. Melanosis of the colon is not uncommon and has been associated with the ingestion of anthraceneline laxatives, although it can be observed in patients without such history. Most games i play are just a remake of another, few are actually original like this one, i mean, few games actually have a different art, music, these kinds of things. Aesthetic depigmentation of gingival smokers melanosis. Congenital melanocitic nevus affects 1% of newborns and are seen. Conclusions in this clinically and dermoscopically challenging subset of vulvar pigmentations, rcm appears relevant for initial extensive evaluation, especially to target initial biopsy sampling, and to perform non. While lip and gingival pigmentations were present in all of our smoking participants, the mentioned problems were seen in 33% and 27% of a japanese population, respectively. Disappearance of smokers melanosis after reducing smoking. The prevalence of melanocytic and nonmelanocytic causes of oral melanosis was roughly 1. Pipe smokers more frequently display pigmentation of the commissural and buccal mucosae.
These manifestations of pigmentation are considered normal and generally no treatment. One of the most common causes of oral pigmentation is smoker melanosis, a condition associated with the melanocyte stimulation caused by cigarette smoke. Several causes of gingival pigmentation were previously mentioned in text together with the. Development in techniques for gingival depigmentation an update. The ultrastructure of the gingival epithelium in smokers melanosis. Melanosis at the us national library of medicine medical subject headings mesh. Ce 110 a guide to clinical differential diagnosis of oral. Pdf disappearance of smokers melanosis after reducing smoking. Oral pigmentation also be classified as 2 categories, melanocytic or nonmelanocytic. Melanocytic being the genesis due to the increase in melanotic pigments and nonmelanocytic origin being the genesis from non melanotic causes. Epub find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Pdf hyperpigmentation of the gingiva is an aesthetic problem in some patients, particularly if the pigment is in the facial area of the gum and is.
Depending on the site, depth, and quantity of pigment, the appearance can vary considerably. Aesthetic depigmentation of gingival smokers melanosis using carbon dioxide lasers. A casecontrol study was performed involving 59 nonsmoking children who were selected from patient records of a dental clinic in a rural town in japan. Pdf treatment of gingival melanosis and melanic repigmentation. A gingival melanin index in 4 degrees was established. Esthetic treatment of gingival melanin hyperpigmentation. Interrelationship of smoking, lip and gingival melanin.
Rosa and akira aoki, esthetic treatment of gingival melanin hyperpigmentation with the er, lasers in dentistry, 166171, 2015. The term smokers melanosis was described by hedin et al. Metastatic oral malignant melanoma transformed from pre. Gingival pigmentation associated with systemic diseases and syndromes like ddisons disease, lbrights syndrome, asilar melanosis with incontinence, beta thalassemia. Gingival melanin hyperpigmentation is not a medical problem, but black gums are a common complaint and fair skinned people with moderate or severe gingival pigmentation frequently request cosmetic. Association of melanin pigmentation in the gingiva of. The process affects most often the anterior facial gingiva of both jaws, but with a predilection for the mandible.
Classification of pigmented lesion kauzman et al in 2004 3. A case report of treating gingival hyperpigmentation renganath m. Association of melanin pigmentation in the gingiva of children with. Case report aesthetic depigmentation of gingival smoker s. Esthetic treatment of gingival melanin hyperpigmentation with.
Jul 23, 2015 free gingival graft tamizi et al 1996 used free gingival auto graft treatment of pigmentation and obtained successful results. Twothirds of people with ncm have giant congenital melanocytic nevi, and the remaining onethird have numerous lesions but no giant lesions. Jun 16, 2016 the longitudinal loss of gingival melanosis was confirmed by a change in the gmr among patients who successfully achieved smoking cessation for a mean of 4. Gf 20 individuals showed melanosis of the oral mucosa 40%, mainly located in the gums and only 1 patient had pigmentation gc 2% of generalized type. Healed mucocutaneous lesionslichen planus, pemphigus, pemphigoid. Melanosis of the duodenum has been associated with several conditions such as chronic renal. Correlation of environmental tobacco smoke to gingival. This investigation is the first to address the relationship between gingival pigmentation in children and passive smoking. Gingival pigmentation cause, treatment and histological. It is characterized by melanocytic nevi in both the skin and the brain. Additional instructions and trouble shooting are included with the game. Many techniques have been used to remove the melanin pigmentation such as.
Neurocutaneous melanosis genetic and rare diseases. Traditional gingival tattooing of maxillary denture. Different treatment procedures, like surgical instruments, laser and electrosurgery, are used to remove pigmented areas. The buccal mucosa was the most common site for smokers melanosis in that african study. Free gingival graft tamizi et al 1996 used free gingival auto graft treatment of pigmentation and obtained successful results. Bening pigmentation due to smoking can be seen in different regions of the oral mucosa, such as gums, palate and lips.
Diagnostic considerations clinically, gingival melanosis appears as dark stains in shades of black, brown, and dark. Classification of gingival pigmentation peeran et al 2014 class criteria of classifications i coral pinksalmon pink colored gingiva. Melanic pigmentation results from melanin produced by the melanocytes present in the basal layer of the oral epithelium. Patients with smokers melanosis had a significantly higher tobacco consumption than smokers without pigmentation. The longitudinal loss of gingival melanosis was confirmed by a change in the gmr among patients who successfully achieved smoking cessation for a mean of 4. One of the most common causes of oral pigmentation is smoker melanosis, a condition associated with the melanocyte stimulation caused by. Comparative evaluation of gingival depigmentation by diode. Physiological gingival melanin hyperpigmentation is often more pronounced in the anterior than in the posterior part of the mouth, and the buccallabial surfaces. The typical cutaneous lesions are present at birth. Melanosis of the small intestine is an extremely rare finding with only a few cases described in the literature 1, 2, 4.
Vi gingival pigmentation due to exogenous pigments eg. Dental plaque accumulates at the surfaces when proper cleaning and maintaining is not done. Epilepsy in isolated parenchymal neurocutaneous melanosis. Chapel and associates reported 14 cases of volar melanotic macules and considered them to resemble closely the labial melanotic macule clinically and histologically. The guy who did this game probably did it during an acid trip. Gingival pigmentation is a discoloration of the gingiva due to a variety of lesions and conditions associated with several endogenous and exogenous etiologic features. The loss of gingival melanosis after smoking cessation can be objectively confirmed with the use of the gmr. Nicholas 1981 reported a case of amalgam tattoo of the labial gingiva in the maxillary anterior region treated by palatal gingival auto graft successfully.
Material and method a detailed search was conducted in the pubmed, cochrane and embase databases for information on treatment techniques and postoperative results of each surgical procedure. Aesthetic depigmentation of gingival smokers melanosis using. Through the stimulation, by polycyclic amines, smoking causes the activation of melanocytes to produce melanin. The presence of melanosis was statistically higher in the gf p 0. These manifestations of pigmentation are considered normal and generally no. Neurocutaneous melanosis ncm is a rare, noninherited condition of the central nervous system. Department of periodontics, manipal college of dental sciences, manipal university, manipal, karnataka, india. A gingival disease is the term given to any disorder primarily affecting the gingiva. Pdf disappearance of smokers melanosis after reducing. The loss of gingival melanosis after smoking cessation can be objectively con.
In several cases of vulvar melanosis, rcm could identify foci of melanocytic hyperplasia in an otherwise benign pattern. The normal appearance of the gingiva is pink to light red, and this appearance may change due to many factors and might be noticeable causing aesthetic concerns. Comparative evaluation of gingival depigmentation by diode laser and cryosurgery using tetrafluoroethane. As a result of the depigmentation process applied with cessation of smoking, esthetic gingival appearance was obtained. A study of turkish army recruits revealed gingival pigmentation in 27. Introduction dental index or indices are devices to find out the incidence, prevalence and severity of the disease, based on which preventive programs can be adopted. The effective elimination of such melanotic areas was attempted by variable means such as. Traditional gingival tattooing of maxillary denture dental. Westerntrained health workers unfamiliar with gingival tattooing may mistake these markings for normal physiologic pigmentation, druginduced hyperpigmentation eg, from minocycline, heavy metal ingestion eg, lead toxic effect, amalgam tattoo contact argyria, 3 smokers melanosis, 4 or systemic disease eg, addison disease. Laser treatment for melanin gingival pigmentations.
Several attempts were made to treat them with 755 nm alexandra laser, 1064 nm laser, and 532 nm laser in the department of dermatology during the period of april 2003eaugust 2004, but the therapeutic response was poor. Metastatic oral malignant melanoma transformed from preexisting pigmented lesions in mandibular gingiva. Environmental tobacco smoke gingiva melanin passive smoking young adults. One year after the start of cigarette smoking a clinically visible smokers melanosis could be seen in 12. An index is an expression of the clinical observation in a numerical value. Palabras clave melanosis gingival gingivoabrasion gingival melanosis, gingivo abrasion. Apr 08, 2017 v tobacco associated pigmentation like smokers melanosis 39. Jun 19, 2018 a nigerian study reported a prevalence of 0. Melanosis bulbi or melanosis oculi has maplike pigment areas in the sclera. A gingivectomy was performed to elevate the level of the free gingival margin developing a more proportion ate form for the teeth, as well as removing an excessive display of gingiva below the inferior border of the upper lip. This paper aims to illustrate the use of a carbon dioxide laser in the removal of the gingival melanic pigmentation for.
We believe that depigmentation treatment can motivate patients to quit smoking. Id really love if there were more guys doing games like this one. In the gulf area, the gingival melanin pigmentation is of the main type of concern, and patients expect the pigmentation to be removed for aesthetic reasons. Since there was no increase in size or symptoms, she did not report for further treat.
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